【臺(tái)詞】Maddie - Space 3 International Space Station

【臺(tái)詞】Maddie - Space 3 International Space Station

2級(jí)Maddie, Space and You 03 International Space Station1人有 · 評(píng)價(jià)1 · 書評(píng)1 Maddie, Space and You 03 International Space Station ????250602 看maddie的space系列3、4集。

UPLIFTING ORCHESTRAL MUSIC

Hello, I'm Maddie,

and I'm at the Space Centre, where we can learn about space

and all the different planets in our solar system.

And we can find out about our own planet where we live -

planet Earth.

Today, I'm learning about how we can live in space.

We've been travelling into space in rockets and shuttles since 1961.

That's a long time ago.

There were no colour televisions.

Pictures were black-and-white, and TVs looked like this.

But do you know what people who travel into space are called?

That's right, they're called astronauts.

Some astronauts who have launched into space

have even walked on the moon.

But did you know there are some astronauts who live in space

on a spacecraft called the International Space Station?

And this is a model of it.

The real Space Station is 109m long,

that's about the same as a professional football pitch.

And it weighs 420,000kg,

that's about the same as ten passenger planes. There have been

different astronauts living on the real

International Space Station for about 20 years.

They study Earth and our weather

and do experiments to see how things grow,

so we can learn more about life in space too.

How do astronauts live on the International Space Station?

Let's find out.

The International Space Station is a spacecraft

where astronauts live and work.

Lots of exciting things happen here

because astronauts do lots of different jobs.

There is a laboratory,

where astronauts do science experiments to help us learn

about space, Earth and other planets.

It's also a construction site,

because the Space Station is made of thousands of parts,

that were all put together by astronauts in space.

It took ten years to build.

And it's a home, because it's a place where astronauts eat,

sleep and have fun.

The International Space Station has two bathrooms, a gymnasium

and special doors, called airlocks,

that let the astronauts go outside into space safely

in their spacesuits.

But where in space is it?

The International Space Station is in orbit

about 250 miles above the Earth.

But it's not sitting still up there.

Being in orbit means that it moves around and around, like this.

The Space Station orbits the Earth.

But there aren't any engines moving it along.

The Space Station is floating,

but it's floating at a really fast speed in its orbit around the Earth.

The Space Station orbits the Earth at 17,500mph.

That means it does 16 laps of the Earth every single day.

Phew!

Here on Earth, we need oxygen to breathe.

But there is no oxygen in space,

so there are machines on the Space Station

called life-support systems

that make oxygen, so astronauts can breathe normally.

So when astronauts are on the Space Station,

they don't have to wear spacesuits like this.

They just wear normal clothes, like this.

And instead of walking or running to move...

..astronauts and objects float around inside the Space Station.

Wooh!

On Earth, we have something called gravity,

which means we don't float around.

It's different to the gravity on the Space Station.

Whoop!

Gravity is an invisible force on Earth

that pulls everything to the ground,

including us and this ball.

If I let go of the ball, what do you think's going to happen?

That's right - it falls to the ground.

That's gravity pulling the ball to the ground

in the same way it pulls us to the ground too.

If I jump in the air, I'll go up a little bit,

but gravity will bring me back down to Earth, like this.

But on the Space Station,

there's a different kind of gravity called microgravity.

And that's why the astronauts float around.

But, to find out what microgravity is,

I think we need to take a closer look.

When we throw a ball on Earth,

air slows it down, and gravity pulls it to the ground in a curve shape.

But the more we increase the speed of the ball,

the further it will be able to travel before it hits the ground.

Like the ball, the Space Station is being pulled down to Earth

by gravity in a curve shape too.

But the Space Station is very high above the Earth

and moving at a very fast speed, 17,500mph.

This exact speed means that when the Space Station falls in a curve

caused by gravity, it matches the curve of the Earth,

so the Space Station is always falling to Earth,

but will never hit it.

It is freefalling, and the space station and the astronauts inside

freefall together at the same time.

Freefalling looks and feels exactly the same as floating,

that's why the astronauts inside the Space Station

look as if they're floating around.

This is what we call microgravity.

We can see a little bit of microgravity here on Earth

using this ball and one of my special cameras.

This is a slow-motion camera,

which means we can film something that happens very quickly,

but when we watch it back, it will look much slower.

What I'm going to try to do is drop my hand away

at the same speed as the ball drops to the ground,

like this.

OK, the camera is recording.

Let's do a space-style countdown, from five. Are you ready?

ROBOTIC VOICE

And again.

Once more.

OK, let's watch it back.

Wow, for a moment,

it looks like the ball is floating above my hand, doesn't it?

That's because the ball and my hand are freefalling

at the same speed, so it looks like the ball is floating above my hand.

It's like my hand is the Space Station,

and the ball is the astronauts inside.

How clever is that?

Can you remember, what's the name of the spacecraft

that some astronauts live on in space?

That's right, the International Space Station.

Why do astronauts look like they are floating around

inside the Space Station? That's right! They are freefalling.

What's the name of the force that pulls things to the ground on Earth?

That's right, gravity.

The International Space Station is made up of 16 sections

called modules.

And here at the Space Centre, they have a copy of one of the modules.

It's called the Columbus laboratory.

And it's one of the modules that astronauts do experiments in.

But what do you think it's like to be an astronaut

living and working on the International Space Station?

Let's find out.

ALARM RINGS

Ooh!

Morning!

When we wake up in the morning, we brush our teeth.

Here on Earth, we put a pea-sized spot of toothpaste on the brush,

add some water...

..and then we brush our teeth like this.

When we're finished, we spit out the paste,

and gravity takes it down the plug hole.

But microgravity on the International Space Station

means that brushing your teeth isn't quite the same.

Let me show you.

This is a special type of screen called a green screen.

Using a computer, we can put different pictures on the screen

so it looks like I'm somewhere else,

like a beach...

..or in a forest...

..or even on board the International Space Station.

Whoa!

Just like us, it's important that astronauts brush their teeth

to keep them healthy.

But microgravity means that if they let go of their toothbrush,

then it floats away!

SHE GIGGLES

Got you.

Astronauts use normal toothpaste because toothpaste is sticky,

and it sticks to the brush.

But there are no taps with running water

on the International Space Station,

because water would just float about too.

So astronauts get their water from special bags called pouches.

They put the pouch in their mouths,

they squeeze a little bit of water out

so they can then brush their teeth.

Another thing we all need to use is one of these.

What do you think it is?

That's right, it's a toilet,

a Space Station toilet.

It looks a bit funny, doesn't it?

There are two toilets on the Space Station,

and they are no ordinary toilets.

They were specially made. Each toilet costs ￡12 million!

A toilet on the Space Station doesn't have any water inside it,

so you can't flush it.

So, where does the waste go when the astronauts have finished using it?

Well, this toilet uses a vacuum, a bit like a vacuum cleaner.

This toilet works in a similar way, but instead of dirt and dust,

it sucks the toilet waste into the tank.

The liquid wee is recycled in a special machine

on board the Space Station,

where some of it is turned into clean water to be used again.

On the Space Station, astronauts can't eat food off a plate

or drink out of a cup

because the food and drink would just float away.

This is Dan. Hi, Dan. Hi, Maddie. Dan works here at the Space Centre,

and he's given me special permission to take a look

at some of the actual food they take to the International Space Station.

That there is a bacon sandwich.

It looks different from the type of sandwich we have on Earth

because it's in a tin.

And this is a pouch of cornflakes that has actually been to space.

Thanks, Dan.

We might not notice it, but most of the food we eat has water in it.

Did you know that a cucumber is nearly all water?

Three quarters of a banana is made of water.

Even a boiled egg is made up of about three quarters water.

When the water is taken out of food, we say that the food is dehydrated.

It makes the food lighter to carry on board,

and it will also last longer in space.

This is a bar of dehydrated ice cream that I'm allowed to try.

If I break it, you can see it's all dry and crumbly.

There we go. That's because it's got no water inside it.

Shall I taste it?

OK.

Ooh. That's quite sticky.

It tastes like ice cream, but it's not wet and cold like ice cream.

When something's broken, it's the astronauts' job to fix it,

and that can mean having to go outside the Space Station

into space.

How exciting's that?

When astronauts go out into space, it's called a spacewalk.

And for that, they need a special kind of suit.

Here at the Space Centre, we can look at this one.

It's called an Extravehicular Activity suit, or EVA for short.

It's incredible, isn't it?

In space, there is no air to breathe,

so the EVA suit has lots of special gadgets to keep the astronauts safe.

This box on the back is called the primary life-support subsystem.

And it stores air for the astronaut to breathe,

and it makes electricity to power the entire suit.

But these buttons and switches

on the front are the suit's control panel.

It's where the astronauts can control the suit's temperature

and also press a button to speak to the Space Station.

This part of the helmet is called the visor,

it's what the astronauts look through.

It's a bit like wearing a giant pair of sunglasses.

Can you see what colour it is? That's right, it's gold.

It's a layer of real gold, and it helps to filter out

the sun's rays, which are really strong in space.

Look, I can see myself in the visor!

When an astronaut is on a spacewalk,

they can have a wonderful view of our beautiful planet Earth.

Now, I wonder what astronauts wear underneath their suit?

We might wear pants and a vest under our clothes,

but astronauts could wear something like this.

It's got 90 metres of piping running all the way through the material,

like a giant wiggly worm.

The pipes are filled with cold water,

helping to keep the astronaut cool.

It's called water-cooled underwear.

Cool!

Just like us, after a busy day on the Space Station,

astronauts need good sleep.

When we go to sleep, we lie down in bed,

but do you remember how microgravity on the Space Station

means that everything floats around?

Hmm.

Microgravity means that it isn't possible to lie down,

so astronauts attach their sleeping bags to the Space Station,

so they don't float around while they sleep.

Night-night.

It's been so much fun here at the Space Centre,

finding out about the International Space Station

and what it's like for astronauts that live there.

What's been your favourite part?

Was it seeing how the Space Station orbits around the Earth?

Or how the astronauts freefall around inside?

Did you like seeing how astronauts brush their teeth

and strap their sleeping bags down?

I loved learning about the EVA spacesuit the astronauts wear

when they leave the Space Station to go on a spacewalk.

Space exploration is brilliant,

and it's really important that we keep on discovering

and finding out more about space

so we can help look after our planet too.

I'll see you back on Earth.