【臺(tái)詞】Maddie - Space 5 Astronaut training

【臺(tái)詞】Maddie - Space 5 Astronaut training

2級(jí)Maddie, Space and You 05 Astronaut training1人有 · 評(píng)價(jià)1 · 書(shū)評(píng)1 Maddie, Space and You 05 Astronaut training ????250614(六) 應(yīng)該是白天看的maddie的space系列5集。

Hello, I'm Maddie, and I'm at the Space Centre, where we can learn

about space and all the different planets in the solar system.

By looking out into space,

we can find out more about where we live here on Planet Earth.

Today, I'm finding out how people practise,

train and get ready to go into space.

Do you know what we call people who go into space?

That's right - astronauts.

When astronauts go into space, they travel a really long way,

and they wear special suits to do different parts of their jobs.

They need to be fit and healthy and be good at fixing

and testing things.

Do you like helping to fix and build things too?

They also need to learn how to move

when they can't keep their feet on the ground!

What does an astronaut do, and how do they train to go into space?

How do we become astronauts? Let's find out! Whoo!

On Earth, above us and all around us, there is lots of air.

The higher we go, the more the air changes,

and each change creates a layer.

We call these layers the Earth's atmosphere.

The Earth's atmosphere keeps us nice and warm...

..it gives us oxygen, which we need to breathe...

..and carbon dioxide for plants and trees to grow.

There are six different layers to Earth's atmosphere and,

to get to space, the astronauts have to travel through five of them.

One, two, three, four, five.

But to find out how the different layers of the atmosphere work

and how far astronauts travel to get to space,

I think we need to take a closer look.

The first layer is called the troposphere.

This is where the weather we get on Earth is made.

The next layer is the stratosphere, where aeroplanes fly.

After that is the mesosphere, where we

might see a shooting star at night-time.

The ionosphere is a special layer that can stretch through the layer

above it and cross an invisible line called the Karman line.

When the astronauts cross the Karman line, they are officially in space.

The layer above is called the thermosphere.

This is where astronauts can land

and stay at a spaceship called the International Space Station.

Only astronauts that have travelled to the moon have

travelled to the next layer. It's called the exosphere.

This is where satellites are that we use to communicate on Earth.

And after that, we leave space and enter outer space.

So, how does an astronaut train

so they can travel through our atmosphere and explore space?

The first thing an astronaut needs is to be fit and healthy.

It's important we keep fit and healthy here on Earth too,

but on Earth we have a force called gravity.

Gravity is the force that pulls everything down to the ground.

Gravity pulls you and me towards the Earth too.

Watch this - if I jump, I come back down.

This means we can't float away.

Gravity pulls against our bones and muscles as we move around,

so we have to work harder to stay upright to help us move.

Do you remember that the International Space Station

is in the thermosphere?

There is still gravity on the International Space Station,

but it's much, much weaker than the gravity we feel on Earth.

We call it microgravity.

The space station is always moving around the Earth.

We say that it's in orbit.

Inside a spacecraft in orbit, everything appears to float around.

Nothing stays on the ground like it does on Earth.

With less gravity in space, astronauts have to keep fit

and train their bodies to use their muscles.

If they don't, when they return to Earth's gravity,

their muscles won't be as strong.

Would you like to train like an astronaut?

Astronauts might travel to space in a spacecraft, like this one,

but, before they lift off and go to space,

they need to practise floating around,

like they will do in space, where there's less gravity. Hm.

I wonder if there's a way we can practise floating here on Earth?

Let's find out.

I've come to an indoor skydiving centre to see what it

feels like to float on a cushion of air inside this huge wind tunnel!

Wow! This is James and Hayley.

They're indoor skydiving instructors who know a lot about freefalling.

Astronauts don't actually float in space - they freefall.

And to practise, they go for a ride on a special aeroplane

so they know what it feels like to freefall in space.

Now, we're not going into space,

but inside this wind tunnel is a massive fan and,

when it's switched on, that fan makes lots

and lots of wind that rushes round and can push up with a force

that's stronger than gravity on Earth is pulling down.

So James and Hayley are going to show us

the impact that stronger-than-gravity force has on

their bodies with some very special freefalling and fun astronaut moves.

First, we get to watch Hayley floating around like an astronaut.

How exciting! Can you see, she lies flat on a cushion of air? Wow!

The force of air is really pushing her up!

It looks like it takes a lot of energy to keep balance

and look so expert at floating around.

The fan is turned up even higher for James,

and even more air pushes him upwards.

He looks like an astronaut moving in space!

Astronaut training looked really very tricky indeed!

An astronaut usually stays on the International Space Station

for about six months. That's a lot of floating about!

But whilst they're there, they do a lot of important jobs, like look

after the space station and doing science experiments to help us

learn about space and living here on Earth.

To be an astronaut, we need a lot of special skills.

Do you like to design and build things,

like towers of building blocks?

That's called engineering.

And do you like counting?

Then you like maths. And what about playing on the seesaw?

SHE CHUCKLES

Understanding how a seesaw works is a type of science called physics.

Whoa! Do you like watching TV or playing games?

Then you like technology too.

Do you like to look after people and help them feel well, like a doctor?

Doctors study something called medicine.

To be an astronaut, we would need to learn some science,

technology, engineering, maths and medicine.

How fun and interesting would that be? Don't you think, Ted?

Can you remember - what's the force called that keeps us

on the ground here on Earth?

That's right - gravity.

Which layer of Earth's atmosphere is where we find

the International Space Station?

That's right - the thermosphere.

And what's the name of the science that helps us

understand how a seesaw works?

That's right - physics.

Astronauts who stay on the International Space Station

come from all over the world, so it's important that astronauts can

speak other languages to help the team work together and get along.

You might have friends who are from a different country

or speak a different language.

You might speak a different language too.

Do you know where Russia is?

Russia is a country, and it's all the way up there.

Some of the astronauts on the International Space Station

might come from Russia.

That's Russian for hello.

Can you say hello in Russian?

Very good!

All the way up there is a country called Japan,

but we can see it better here.

That's hello in Japanese. Can you say hello in Japanese?

Repeat after me...

Well done!

It is so much fun to learn different languages,

and it's a really important skill if you want to become an astronaut.

Can you see the red buttons light up?

As soon as they light up, I have to press them. I have to react quickly.

Having quick reactions is part of something we call agility.

Agility is when we think and move all at the same time,

quickly and easily. One more.

People who are athletes and dancers have good agility,

and astronauts need to be good at agility to move in space too.

For our astronaut training, let's do some agility tests

and find out how quick our reactions are.

When we catch a ball, we need agility.

Our eyes have to watch the ball moving in the air, and our body

and our hands have to move to the right place so we can catch it.

I'm going to throw the ball and try to catch it three times.

OK, here goes!

One, two, three.

Catching a ball is a test of how fast our eyes

can tell our brains, which tell our body and our arms to move

and our fingers to close to catch a ball.

Let's try making things a bit trickier.

These special goggles will change the way my eyes see normally.

There are mirrors inside,

and these will change the direction my eyes are looking.

Would you like a try? Here you go! How about that?

You're looking at my face,

but the goggles are showing you the planet on my T-shirt.

OK, let's put them on!

Whoa! OK! This is so weird!

For me to see you, I have to look all the way up here. There you are!

OK, I'm going to try and throw the ball

and catch it another three times. Here goes!

One...

..two... Where did it go? Where did it go?

This is so much trickier because it's harder for my brain to

tell my body where it needs to be to catch the ball. Phew!

Astronauts train and exercise every day to make sure that they

can move and think as quickly as they can.

But I think I need a bit more agility training, don't you?

To find out how it really feels to move like an astronaut in space,

I need to go underwater.

That means we're going scuba-diving!

First, I'm going to need to get changed.

That's better!

You must never play in or near water without a grown-up.

This is Rachel, and Rachel is a diving instructor.

She's here to help me and make sure I stay safe.

Real astronauts train with models of the International Space Station

in huge swimming pools called neutral buoyancy laboratories.

Buoyancy means how well something floats or sinks.

What do you think will happen when I drop this heavy weight

and this light ball into this bowl of water?

Let's see.

The heavy weight sunk right to the bottom,

and the light ball is floating on top.

When astronauts train in swimming pools,

they don't want to sink to the bottom or float on top - they want

to float in the water, just like they would float around in space.

So astronauts and all of their tools have weights attached which

let them float in the water, just below the surface.

Astronauts have to try and stay agile

while wearing a full spacesuit when they train underwater.

It weighs around 158kg - that's more than 40 house bricks!

Astronauts need other divers like Rachel too to help keep them

safe, film their training and set up their tests.

They're called support divers and, today,

I'm wearing what a support diver would wear.

I've got a mask to help me see underwater,

a wet suit to keep me warm, I've also got this tank full of air

so that I can breathe underwater,

I've also got a jacket with just the right amount of weights in

so I don't sink to the bottom or float to the top.

I'll stay just in the middle, like the astronauts.

I'm also taking some of my special underwater cameras

so you can come with me.

When astronauts train underwater, they do

lots of tasks that require agility on Earth and will be much

harder in space, like fixing things outside of the space station.

Let's find out how well

I perform an agility task that should be easy to do on Earth.

I'm going to try and make a tower of these stacking cups.

I must say, it is much harder to move and be agile down here!

Like the cups, astronauts' tools try to float away in space,

so they have to attach them to the space station with cables.

If you drop something in space, it could float away

and damage the space station.

Wow, it's really tricky!

But I've done it!

And to test my agility further, I need to swim carefully through

these hoops without getting stuck to get back to the space station.

Wow!

That was incredible, to move around and build things,

just like an astronaut might actually fix things in space.

Now I can really see why astronauts need to do

a lot of training and practice.

It's been so much fun training to be an astronaut.

What was your favourite part?

It was fascinating finding out about our atmosphere

and how astronauts travel through it into space

and finding out what freefalling looks like. Wow!

I loved learning how we can train to improve our agility

so we can react quickly and floating through the water to fix

things, like an astronaut in space.

Finding out about astronaut training was brilliant.

Maybe one day, you'll become an astronaut and go into space to find

out how space works and understand more about Planet Earth too.

Right, I think I need some more astronaut training!

I'll see you next time.