主題拓展｜太陽(yáng)系（一份拿來(lái)就能用的拓展）

作為一個(gè)地理白癡，給娃講太陽(yáng)系，那簡(jiǎn)直就是：自尋煩惱。連行星的名字都叫不全， 還給娃科普？嘖嘖嘖，勇氣確實(shí)可嘉。

但既然外教課都上到這了， 就讓娃這么讀讀短文，做做沒(méi)什么難度的練習(xí)就過(guò)了，又不是我的風(fēng)格。于是，給外教老師留言：拜托老師給娃做做太陽(yáng)系方面的拓展。雖然把難啃的骨頭扔給了老師，但娃一無(wú)所知，想在25分鐘內(nèi)跟老師有效溝通也是不大現(xiàn)實(shí)。（有興趣看娃上課視頻的可關(guān)注公號(hào)：虎尾巴上的兔子）

這不，自己挖的坑還是要填滿(mǎn)。于是利用間隙，把常識(shí)先給補(bǔ)了，再輸出給娃以及分享給大家。

行星的定義

在了解太陽(yáng)系之前，我們需要了解一下什么是行星。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)定義， 決定了太陽(yáng)系家族的成員。

在2006年之前，大家所知的行星是有9顆，而2006年8月24日之后，冥王星因其橢圓形的軌道同海王星軌道交迭而被排除在行星行列之外，從而太陽(yáng)系行星的數(shù)量將由九顆減為八顆。冥王星和一些類(lèi)似的星體將被重新歸類(lèi)為“矮行星”（dwarf planet）。

What is a planet?

1.It must orbit a star (in our cosmic neighborhood, the Sun).

2.It must be big enough to have enough gravity to force it into a spherical shape.

3.It must be big enough that its gravity cleared away any other objects of a similar size near its orbit around the Sun.

行星指的是圍繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、自身引力足以克服其剛體力而使天體呈圓球狀、并且能夠清除其軌道附近其他物體的天體。

 行星特點(diǎn)

每一個(gè)行星都有自己的特點(diǎn)，接下來(lái)，簡(jiǎn)要地給大家概括一下8大行星的特點(diǎn)。

水星Mercury
 

水星是距離太陽(yáng)最近的行星，也是最小的行星。雖然距離太陽(yáng)最近，但它卻不是最熱的星球。
 

Size: The smallest plant, the closest to the Sun, but not the hottest

Feature: Rocky planet, with no atmosphere, light grey color, the surface is blasted by the sun’s heat in the daytime, but is freezing cold at night.

金星Venus: 
 

金星是距離太陽(yáng)第二大的星球，尺寸和我們可愛(ài)的地球差不多。
 

Size: similar to Earth

Nickname: Earth's sister planet

Feature: There is a thick atmosphere full of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide and clouds made of sulfuric acid, humans can’t live there as its surface is boiling hot and smothered in poisonous chemical. The gas traps heat and keeps Venus toasty warm.

In fact, it's so hot on Venus; metals like lead would be puddles of melted liquid.

It spins the opposite direction of Earth and most other planets.

Earth地球:

Size: Similar to Venus

Feature: Ocean Planet, Water covers 70% of Earth's surface.
 

Our atmosphere is made mostly of nitrogen and has plenty of oxygen for us to breathe.

Mars火星:

Nickname: Red Planet (covered in red dust)
 

Size: It is half the size of Earth.

Feature: dry and cold, a cold desert world.

Mars is sometimes called the Red Planet. It's red because of rusty iron in the ground.

Jupiter土星：

Size: the biggest planet in the solar system
 

Feature: A gas giant without a solid surface, but it may have a solid inner core about the size of Earth. It is made mostly of hydrogen and helium. Jupiter has a very thick atmosphere.

Saturn（木星）:

Feature: a gas giant like Jupiter. It is made mostly of hydrogen and helium.
 

Saturn isn’t the only planet to have rings, but it definitely has the most beautiful ones. The rings we see are made of groups of tiny ringlets that surround Saturn. They’re made of chunks of ice and rock.

Uranus天王星：

Feature: an ice giant, made of water, methane, and ammonia fluids above a small rocky center. Its atmosphere is made of hydrogen and helium like Jupiter and Saturn, but it also has methane. The methane makes Uranus blue.
 

Like Venus, Uranus rotates in the opposite direction as most other planets.

Uranus also has faint rings. The inner rings are narrow and dark. The outer rings are brightly colored and easier to see.

Neptune（海王星）:

Feature: an ice giant, made of a thick soup of water, ammonia, and methane flowing over a solid core about the size of Earth. Neptune has a thick, windy atmosphere. Neptune is a very cold, windy world. 
 

游戲?qū)嵺`

1. DIY 太陽(yáng)系

由于上課當(dāng)天時(shí)間有限，課前主要給Tracy介紹了3個(gè)行星：水星，金星，和地球，并介紹了他們的特點(diǎn)。Tracy根據(jù)我給她做的介紹，畫(huà)了一幅關(guān)系圖。

在金星上面可以看到她畫(huà)了紅色的是火山，灰色繚繞的是金星上空的氣體。

上完課后，我們又繼續(xù)制作了一份相對(duì)完善的太陽(yáng)系圖，主要了解了星球之間的位置關(guān)系和名稱(chēng)。

2.  DIY太陽(yáng)系貼紙畫(huà)

第二天繼續(xù)做了一份貼紙畫(huà)， 鞏固前一天了解的概念

1）打印剪裁太陽(yáng)系星球，將太陽(yáng)貼在黑色卡紙角落；
 

2）用淺色油漆筆在紙上畫(huà)上軌道，依次貼上行星；
 

3）讓孩子將對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞文字貼在紙上

3. 太陽(yáng)系轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán) 

打印剪裁素材，在紙條末端打孔

用二腳釘將行星固定在太陽(yáng)中心。

4. 找名字 
 

5.猜一猜我是誰(shuí)

可以再次鞏固對(duì)不同行星特點(diǎn)的認(rèn)知

 參考資源

1、DK FindOut! 

https://www.dkfindout.com/us/space/solar-system/

Age：3-8

有測(cè)驗(yàn)、視頻和動(dòng)畫(huà)，每一顆行星都有簡(jiǎn)短的文字介紹，還有文章可供參考學(xué)習(xí)。

2. NASA少兒科普網(wǎng)站Space Place 

https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/solar-system/

這是一個(gè)面向孩子的天文科普網(wǎng)站space place，不僅有趣味的天文知識(shí)，還有大量互動(dòng)游戲和手工資源。

3. BBC年度巨獻(xiàn)《The Planet》紀(jì)錄片

4.Ahaschool

Ahaschool里面關(guān)于太陽(yáng)系的資源有好多，可以挑選一些陪娃一起看看~

 相關(guān)書(shū)籍

天文方面的書(shū)籍我們買(mǎi)得比較少，這大概是因?yàn)檫@方面是我的知識(shí)盲區(qū)， 因此選書(shū)的時(shí)候也潛意識(shí)里避免挑選相關(guān)書(shū)籍。家里為數(shù)不多的跟太陽(yáng)系有關(guān)的書(shū)是The Magic School Bus系列。 以下書(shū)籍是群里寶媽推薦，供大家參考。 
1. Hello World, Solar System (by Jill McDonald) 2. 8 Little Planets(by Chris Ferrie) 3. Natioinal Geographic Little Kids First Big Book of Space 
4. My Very First Space Book
5. DK 趣味立體百科 6. 看里面 低幼 揭秘宇宙 7. Magic School Bus: Lost in the Solar System 8. Let's Read and Find Out: The Planets in our Solar System

更多主題拓展歡迎關(guān)注佛系公號(hào):虎尾巴上的兔子