新概念三寫作營第四天

一、These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. 
如今，從事體力勞動的收入一般要比坐辦公室的人高出許多。 
【解析】 
1. People who do …這里是由who引導的定語從句，修飾people。這屬于限制性定語從句，這樣的定語從句相信大家都能熟練運用。 

2.Manual: “手工的，體力的”，這里manual work也就是指“體力勞動”，也可以說physical labor / work 

作業(yè)一、人們通常會認為辦公室員工比體力勞動者高級，但這一想法是錯誤的。 
People who do office work are often perceived to be superior to manual workers, but this notion is misguided. 


二、People who work in offices are frequently referred to as ‘white-collar workers’ for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. 
坐辦公室的人之所以常常被稱作“白領工人”，就是因為他們通常是穿著硬領白襯衫、系著領帶去上班。 
【解析】 
1. People who work…這里也是一個很簡單的定語從句，由who引導，修飾前面的people。 

2. Be referred to as: “被稱為”，也可以用主動語態(tài)表達為refer to somebody/something as..., 把……稱作……，比如：He always refers to the house as his "refuge". 他總是把這座房子稱為他的“避難所”。 

3.the simple reason that: 這里是一個由that引導的同位語從句，說明了reason的內容，that在其中不做任何成分。 

作業(yè)二、清潔工人常常被稱為“叫醒城市的人”，因為他們總是第一批在大清早就出現(xiàn)在街頭巷尾的人。 
Sanitation workers are often referred to as ‘the people who wake up the city’ for the reason that they are always the first group of people who appear in the streets at the crack of dawn. 


三、This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation. 
這常常會引起種種奇怪的現(xiàn)象，在埃爾斯米爾公司當清潔工的艾爾弗雷德 布洛格斯就是一個例子。 
【解析】 
1. Give rise to: “使發(fā)生，使存在”，比如：The novel's success gave rise to a number of sequels. 這部小說的成功帶來了一系列的續(xù)篇。 

2. As it did：這里it指代上文中this所指內容，即上一句一整句"Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers"，而did指代give rise to curious situations，as it did意思即“正如（過去曾）造成的怪現(xiàn)象一樣”。 

3. In the case of：“就…來說”，比如，I dread to think what will happen in the case of a major emergency. 我不敢想像萬一出現(xiàn)重大緊急情況會怎么樣。要注意這個表達與in case of 的區(qū)別，in case of 是指“假設，萬一”，比如，In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.如遇火警，即按警鈴。 

作業(yè)三、這種新聞報道可能會引起民眾恐慌，就像十年前的SARS報道一樣。 
This kind of news reporting may give rise to panic in public, as it did in the case of SARS reports a decade ago. 


四、Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 
許多人常常情愿放棄較高的薪水以換取做白領工人的殊榮，此乃人之常情。 
【解析】 
1. Such is…that: 這是一個部分倒裝句，還原后是 Human nature is such that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. be such that是一個固定搭配，用于對事物的程度進行強調，比如：The force of the explosion was such that windows were blown out.爆炸力如此之大，窗戶都被震碎了。文中的這一倒裝結構也值得我們學習，比如：Such is the elegance of this typeface that it is still a favourite of designers. 這種字體很優(yōu)美，至今仍深受設計人員喜歡。寫作的時候我們可以學習這種句型結構，也一定能為我們的文章增色不少。 

2. Sacrifice：“犧牲，舍棄”，既可以作名詞也可以做動詞。作動詞的時候后面可以接sth或者sth for sb/sth，比如：She sacrificed everything for her children.她為子女犧牲了一切。 

3. For the privilege of: “為了…的特權；為了…的殊榮”，比如，Some may even have had to pay for the privilege of coming to work. 有些人甚至會花錢去買工作的機會。 

作業(yè)四、移動支付是如此普及，以至于很多年輕人一日三餐都是通過手機點餐來解決。這給他們省去了不少麻煩，因為他們不用犧牲時間去做飯和洗碗。 
Such is the popularity of mobile payments that many young people order three meals a day on their mobile phones.This saves them a lot of trouble because, they don't have to sacrifice their time to cook a meal and do the dishes. 


五、He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money.他將來掙的錢只有他現(xiàn)在的一半。不過他覺得，地位升高了，損失點兒錢也值得。 
【解析】 
1. Will be doing: 這里是將來進行時。將來進行時可以用來表示將來某個特定時刻某事正在進行中，比如，This time tomorrow I will be lying on the beach. 明天這個時候，我就在海灘上躺著了。也可以用來表示已經安排或者決定了的將來的事，或者在正常情況下預計要發(fā)生的事，比如，The professor will be giving another lecture on Roman glass-making at the same time next week. 教授下周同一時間還要講一次課，內容是羅馬時代的玻璃制造。 

2. Rise in sth.：“在…方面提高了”，比如我們這里的rise in status，意思是”地位提高了”。 

3. Be well worth：“很值得，很劃算”，這里注意worth是用well來修飾的，后面可以接doing sth.，比如，Leicester is well worth visiting. 萊斯特是很值得一游的。 

作業(yè)五、下個月他將在不同的公司從事完全不同的工作，他的地位提升了，收入也增加了，這讓他覺得花費巨大努力跳槽是值得的。 
Next month he will be doing a totally different job in a different company, and he will have a rise in both status and income, which makes him think that it is well worth making great efforts to change jobs.