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節(jié)氣 | 清明 Qingming Festival，可以講這些給娃聽！

憶樂時光

2013

2020-4-3 11:02 原創(chuàng) · 圖片11

?清明節(jié)的英文說法：The Qingming Festival。

也可以直譯為“掃墓節(jié)”：Tomb Sweeping Day（此處注意tomb的b不發(fā)音）。

清明節(jié)不能用celebrate，celebrate是歡慶的意思，和清明節(jié)不搭。我們可以用 observe：to observe Tomb-sweeping Day 。

關于清明節(jié)

清明節(jié)是二十四節(jié)氣之一，也是中國最重要的祭祖掃墓傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一。

Qingming festival is one of the solar terms, and also a very important festival forsweeping tombsand offering sacrificeto ancestors in China.

唐代以前，清明只是一個節(jié)氣，用以記錄時間和指導農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。

Before Tang dynasty, Qingming was only one of the solar terms, used to clock time and guide the agriculture production.

經(jīng)過不斷演變，這一天已經(jīng)成為中國人紀念祖先的節(jié)日。中國人現(xiàn)在更喜歡選擇清明節(jié)。

Having undergone constant evolvement, the day has become a festival for the Chinese people tocommemorate(紀念) their ancestors. The Chinese people now prefer to choose Qingming as the tomb sweeping day.

隨著環(huán)境保護的理念深入人心，現(xiàn)在有一個環(huán)保的清明節(jié)是一種趨勢，比如舉行公眾紀念儀式，通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進行公眾紀念等。

With the concept of environmental protection deeply rooted among the general public, it is now a trend to have an environmental-friendly tomb sweeping day, such as carrying outpublic memorial ceremony,public commemoration through the Internet, etc.

2020年的清明節(jié)

為表達全國各族人民對抗擊新冠肺炎疫情斗爭犧牲烈士和逝世同胞的深切哀悼，國務院今天發(fā)布公告，決定2020年4月4日舉行全國性哀悼活動。

China will hold a nationalmourning(哀悼) Saturday formartyrs(/?mɑ?t?/烈士）who died in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)outbreakandcompatriots(同胞) died of the disease, according to the State Council.

在此期間，全國和駐外使領館下半旗志哀，全國停止公共娛樂活動。

During the commemoration, national flags willfly at half-mastacross the country and in all Chinese embassies and consulates abroad, and public recreational activities will besuspended(暫停) across the country.

4月4日10時起，全國人民默哀3分鐘，汽車、火車、艦船鳴笛，防空警報鳴響。

At 10:00 a.m. Saturday, Chinese people nationwide willobserve three minutes of silence to mourn( /m??n/哀悼)for the diseased, whileair raid sirensand horns of automobiles, trains and ships willwailin grief.

清明主要活動：掃墓

掃墓 Tomb Sweeping

清明節(jié)的主要習俗是掃墓。在這一天，人們都會前往他們的家族墓地進行拜祭。他們會鏟除墓地周圍的雜草，擦拭墓碑，以及用鮮花裝飾墓碑。然后，放置貢品和燒紙錢。

The major custom in Qingming Festival is tomb sweeping. On this day, people visit their family graves to remove any underbrush that has grown. They would uproot weeds near the gravesites, wipe the tombstones and decorate the tombstones with fresh flowers. And then they will set out offerings of food and paper money.

傳統(tǒng)的祭品和現(xiàn)代的祭品

Traditional Sacrifices and Modern Offerings

祭祀活動因時代不同而有所不同。在墓地里，中國人會燒一些紙錢，因為他們相信死去的親人在死后可以用這些錢。這是中國的儒家傳統(tǒng)。如今，這些產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)變得更加時尚，并且與時俱進。

Sacrifices have varied according to different periods. In the cemetery, Chinese people burn some paper money in the belief that deceased relatives can use it in their afterlife. It is a Confucian tradition in China. Nowadays, those offerings have become more fashionable and keep up with times.

傳統(tǒng)的祭品 Traditional Sacrifices

在清明節(jié)期間，人們對紙錢、金元寶和一些蠟燭的需求有所增加。拜訪親戚的墳墓，在上面獻花，帶一些新鮮的水果，自制的食物和白酒是很常見的。

Paper money, golden paper ingots, and some candles are in increased demand during the Qingming Festival. It is common to visit relatives’ graves and offer flowers on it and bring some fresh fruits, homemade food, and white spirit.

現(xiàn)代的祭品 Modern Offerings

如今，清明節(jié)的紙制祭品有山寨的iPhone產(chǎn)品、配有司機的豪華汽車、印有品牌的包和衣服，以及帶有游泳池的巨大別墅。近年來，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶可以找到一套為不能親自掃墓的人掃墓、掃墓、送花、敬墓的服務。甚至連表達對逝者的崇敬之情的方式也變成了虛擬。許多哀悼者可以在網(wǎng)上進行他們的犧牲。用戶可以在祭祀網(wǎng)站上創(chuàng)建帶有蠟燭的網(wǎng)絡神龕，然后他們可以提供不同種類的虛擬祭品，諸如此類。

These days, paper offerings of items on Sweeping Tomb Day are faux iPhone products, luxury cars with a driver, branded bags and clothes, and enormous villas with swimming pools. In recent years, users on the internet can find a set of services of sweeping tombs for someone who cannot do it in person, to clean graves, place flowers, and pay respect. Even the ways to express devotion to the deceased has become virtual. Many mourners can do their sacrifice online. Users can create web shrines with candles on the sacrifice website, and then they can offer different kinds of virtual tributes, such as pictures of one’s favorite foods and flowers.

清明的其它傳統(tǒng)活動

清明節(jié)是是第五個節(jié)氣的第一天。清明節(jié)過后，天氣逐漸轉好。它的名字是指人們應該到戶外去享受盎然的春天的時節(jié)。

The Qingming festival falls on the first day of the fifth solar term, named Qingming. The weather gradually turns nice after the Qingming Festival. It noted a time for people to go outside and enjoy the greenery of spring time.

玩蹴鞠 Playing Cuju

這是一項古老的中國足球運動。蹴的意思是踢，鞠是一種足球，里面充滿了羽毛。蹴鞠是中國古代的一種體育運動，類似于足球。傳說，蹴鞠是由黃帝(一個古老的中國民族)創(chuàng)造的。這是節(jié)日期間最喜歡的運動。

It is an ancient Chinese Football game. Cu means to kick and Ju is a kind of ball made of leather and filled with feathers. Cuju was an ancient Chinese sport, similar to soccer. Legend has it that Cuju was created by The Huangdi (an ancient Chinese race). It was a favorite sport during the festival.

清明節(jié)傳統(tǒng)食物

青團Green rice ball

清明時節(jié)，江南一帶有吃這種青團子的風俗習慣。青團是用一種名叫“雀麥草”的植物搗的汁添加糯米粉制成。

People in the Jiangnan region often eat this ki of green colored balls made from glutinous rice on Tomb Sweeping Day. The green color is from the juice of brome grass that is added in the rice.

馓子San zi

我國南北各地清明節(jié)有吃馓子的食俗?！扳套印睘橐挥驼ㄊ称?，香脆精美，古時叫“寒具”。

Eating Sanzi (or deep-fried dough twist)on Qingming Festival is a convention throughout China. Sanzi is a kind of fried food. People called it cold food in the old days。

薄餅Thin pancake

福建省廈門民諺有云“清明吃薄餅”。餅里通常會加上海苔、蛋卷、蔬菜、辣醬等讓其口感更好。

People in Xiamen in Fujian province often have thin pancakes on Tomb Sweeping Day. Dried seaweed, omelette, veggies and chili sauce are added in the pancakes to enhance the flavor.

芥菜飯 Steamed rice with leaf mustard

在福建省東部的許多地方，人們通常在清明節(jié)用芥菜蒸米飯，以預防疥瘡和其他皮膚病。

In many places in eastern Fujian province, people often steamed rice with leaf mustard on Tomb Sweeping Day to prevent scabies and other skin diseases.

清明古詩 及畫作

清明節(jié)充滿了矛盾的情緒。特別是對古代詩人來說，這是一個容易沉湎于懷舊的日子。他們創(chuàng)作了許多關于清明節(jié)的詩歌。

Qingming Festival is filled with contradictory emotions. Especially for the ancient poets, it is a day when it is easy to indulge in nostalgia. A number of poems about Qingming Festival have been created by them.

《清明》

The Mourning Day

杜牧 By Dumu

清明時節(jié)雨紛紛，
A drizzling rain falls on the Mourning Day.

路上行人欲斷魂。
Pedestrians are broken-hearted on the way.

借問酒家何處有？
Where can a tavern be found to drown their sorrows?

牧童遙指杏花村。
There a cowboy points to a hamlet amid apricot flowers.

唐代(618-907)詩人杜牧在朝廷中擔任官職。他出生在一個貴族家庭。他的祖父杜佑是唐朝朝廷的編輯和大臣。

Good to Know: Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty (618-907), had the official position in the court. He was born into a noble family. His grandfather, Du You, was a compiler and a minister at the Tang court.

杜牧年輕時對自己的家庭背景很有野心，但他從來沒有達到很高的地位。清明節(jié)時，當他想起祖先的時候，他不能給家族帶來榮譽，他感到很沮喪。

Du Mu had a great ambition in his youth for his family background, but he never achieved a high rank. During Tomb-Sweeping Day, he felt so depressed that he could not bring honor to the family name when he called up memories of his ancestors.

Chinese Painting: Along the River During the Qingming Festival (清明上河圖)

藝術家們熱衷于清明節(jié)的藝術創(chuàng)作?！肚迕魃虾訄D》是北朝(公元960-1127年)張擇端的一幅全景畫。它是中國十大名畫之一，被視為北京故宮博物院收藏的國寶。這幅手卷畫高25.2厘米，長528.7厘米。它生動地描繪了清明節(jié)期間汴京(今河南省開封)各階層人民的生活。熙熙攘攘的道路，繁忙的市場，生機勃勃的村莊，繁忙的交通。

Artists are keen on an art creation about the Qingming Festival. “Along the River During the Qingming Festival” is a panoramic painting by Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Dynasty (960-1127AD). It is one of the China’s top 10 most famous paintings and is treated as a national treasure collected in the Palace Museum of Beijing. This hand scroll painting is 25.2 cm in height and 528.7cm long. It vividly depicts the lives of people of all ranks in the capital city of Bianjing (today’s Kaifeng, Henan Province) during the Qingming Festival. The bustling road, busy market, vigorous village, heavy traffic, and business trade reveal the splendor and real economic condition of the capital city at that time.